EXHIBIT 3.2
Published on October 31, 2007
BY-LAWS
OF
TANGER
FACTORY OUTLET CENTERS,
INC.
[RESTATED TO REFLECT AMENDMENTS MADE OCTOBER 30, 2007]
1. Registered
Office
The
initial registered office of the Corporation shall be located at 1400 West
Northwood Street, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27408 or at such other place
within the State of North Carolina as may be designated by the corporation
from
time to time.
2.
Shareholders
2.1 Annual
Meetings. The annual meetings of the shareholders for the
election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may
properly come before the meeting shall be held at such date and time as shall
be
fixed by the Directors from time to time.
2.2 Substitute
Annual Meeting. If the annual meeting shall not be held on the
day designated by the Directors, a substitute annual meeting may be called
in
the manner provided for the call of a special meeting in accordance with the
provisions of Section 2.3 and a substitute annual meeting so called shall be
designated as and shall be treated, for all purposes, as the annual
meeting.
2.3 Special
Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders may be called at
any time by the Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any,
the
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, the President, or by any
officer instructed by the directors or the President to call the
meeting. Only business within the purpose or purposes described in
the notice of meeting may be conducted at a special meeting of
shareholders.
2.4 Place
of Meetings. All meetings of shareholders shall be held at such
place, within or outside the State of North Carolina, as may be designated
by
the Directors from time to time.
2.5 Notice
of Meetings. The corporation shall notify shareholders of the
date, time, and place of each annual and special shareholders'
meeting. Such notice shall be no fewer than ten nor more than sixty
days before the meeting date. Unless the North Carolina Business
Corporation Act (the "Business Corporation Act") or the articles of
incorporation require otherwise, notice of an annual meeting need not include
a
description of the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is
called. Notice of a special meeting must include a description of the
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless the
Business Corporation Act or the articles of incorporation require otherwise,
the
corporation is required to give notice only to shareholders entitled to vote
at
the meeting. A shareholder may waive any notice required by the
Business Corporation Act, the articles of incorporation or the Bylaws before
or
after the time stated in the notice. The waiver must be in writing,
be signed by the shareholder entitled to the notice, and be delivered to the
corporation for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate
records. A shareholder's attendance at a meeting waives objection to
lack of notice or defective notice of the meeting, unless the shareholder at
the
beginning of the meeting objects to holding the meeting or transacting business
at the meeting; and waives objection to consideration of a particular matter
at
the meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting
notice, unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter before it
is
voted upon.
If
a
meeting shall be adjourned for more than one hundred and twenty (120) days
notice of such adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original
meeting and if the adjournment shall be for less than one hundred and twenty
(120) days no notice thereof need be given except that such adjournment shall
be
announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. A
shareholder may waive any notice required for a meeting, either before or after
the meeting, by a written waiver, signed by the shareholder and delivered to
the
Corporation to be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes
of the meeting.
2.6 Voting
Lists. After fixing the record date for each meeting, the
corporation shall prepare an alphabetical list of the names of the shareholders
entitled to vote at such meeting. The list must be arranged by voting
group (and within each voting group, by class or series of shares) and set
forth
the address of, and the number of shares held by, each
shareholder. The shareholder list must be available for inspection by
any shareholder, beginning two (2) business days after notice of the meeting
is
given and continuing through the meeting at the corporation's principal office
or at a place identified in the meeting notice in the city where the meeting
will be held. A shareholder, or his agent or attorney, is entitled on
written demand to inspect and, subject to the requirements of G.S. 55-16-02(c),
to copy the list, during regular business hours and at his expense, during
the
period it is available for inspection. The corporation shall make the
shareholders' list available at the meeting, and any shareholder, or his agent
or attorney, is entitled to inspect the list at any time during the meeting
or
any adjournment of the meeting.
2.7 Quorum;
Adjournment. Unless the articles of incorporation or the Business
Corporation Act provides otherwise, a majority of the votes entitled to be
cast
on a matter by a voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for
action on that matter. The Chairman of the meeting or a majority of
the shares so represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time, whether
or
not there is such a quorum. Shares entitled to vote as a separate
voting group may take action on a matter at a meeting only if a quorum of those
shares exists with respect to that matter. Once a share is
represented for any purpose at a meeting, it is deemed present for quorum
purposes for the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that
meeting unless a new record date is or must be set for that adjourned
meeting.
2.8 Voting. Directors
are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote
in
the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present. If a quorum
exists, action on a matter, other than the election of directors, by a voting
group is approved if the votes cast within the voting group favoring the action
exceed the votes cast opposing the action unless the articles of incorporation,
a Bylaw adopted by the shareholders, or the Business Corporation Act requires
a
greater number of affirmative votes.
A
shareholder may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for him by signing
an
appointment form, either personally or by his attorney-in-fact. A
telegram, telex, facsimile, or other form of wire or wireless communication
appearing to have been transmitted by a shareholder, or a photocopy or
equivalent reproduction of a writing appointing one or more proxies, shall
be
deemed a valid appointment form. An appointment of a proxy is
effective when received by the Secretary or other officer or agent authorized
to
tabulate votes. An appointment is valid for eleven months, unless a
different period is expressly provided in the appointment form. An
appointment of a proxy is revocable by the shareholder unless the appointment
form conspicuously states that it is irrevocable and the appointment is coupled
with an interest.
The
corporation may establish a procedure by which the beneficial owner of shares
that are registered in the name of a nominee is recognized by the corporation
as
a shareholder. The extent of this recognition may be determined in
the procedure.
2.9 Notice
of Shareholder Business and Nominations.
(1) Annual
Meetings of Shareholders.
(1) Nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation and the
proposal of business to be considered by the shareholders may be made at an
annual meeting of shareholders (a) pursuant to the corporation's notice of
meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (c) by any
shareholder of the corporation who was a shareholder of record at the time
of
giving of notice provided for in this By-Law, who is entitled to vote at the
meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this
By-Law.
(2) For
nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting
by
a shareholder pursuant to clause (c) of paragraph (a)(1) of this By-Law, the
shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary
of
the corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for
shareholder action. To be timely, a shareholder's notice shall be
delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation
not later than the close of business on the 90th day nor earlier than the close
of business on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding
year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of
the
annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such
anniversary date, notice by the shareholder to be timely must be so delivered
not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual
meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day
prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public
announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the
corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an
adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period
for giving of a shareholder's notice as described
above. Such shareholder's notice shall set forth (a) as to each
person whom the shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection
as a
director all information relating to such person that is required to be
disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election
contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A
under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the AExchange
Act@)
(including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement
as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected); (b) as to any other
business that the shareholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the
reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest
in
such business of such shareholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made; and (c) as to the shareholder giving the notice
and
the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is
made
(i) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear on the
corporation's books, and of such beneficial owner and (ii) the class and number
of shares of the corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by
such
shareholder and such beneficial owner.
(3) Notwithstanding
anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(2) of this By-Law to the
contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board
of Directors of the corporation is increased and there is no public announcement
naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased
Board of Directors made by the corporation at least 70 days prior to the first
anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting, a shareholder's notice
required by this By-Law shall also be considered timely, but only with respect
to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, it if shall be
delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation
not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which
such public announcement is first made by the corporation.
(2) Special
Meetings of Shareholders. Only business within the purpose or
purposes described in the notice of meeting may be conducted at a special
meeting of shareholders. Nominations of persons for election to the
Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of shareholders at which
directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting
(a)
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (b) provided that the Board
of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting,
by
any shareholder of the corporation who is a shareholder of record at the time
of
giving of notice provided for in this By-Law, who shall be entitled to vote
at
the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this
By-Law. In the event the corporation calls a special meeting of
shareholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board
of
Directors, any such shareholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case
may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the corporation's
notice of meeting, if the shareholder's notice required by paragraph (a)(2)
of
this By-Law shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 120th
day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business
on
the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day
following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of
the
special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be
elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of
an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving
of
a shareholder's notice as described above.
(3) General.
(1) Only
such
persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
By-Law shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall
be
conducted at a meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the
meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
By-Law. Unless the Business Corporation Act, the articles of
incorporation or these By-Laws require otherwise, the Chairman of the meeting
shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business
proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case
may
be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this By-Law, and, if any
proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this By-Law, to
declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be
disregarded.
(2) For
purposes of this By-Law, Apublic
announcement@
shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service,
Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly
filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant
to
Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
(3) Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this By-Law, a shareholder shall also comply with
all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this
By-Law. Nothing in this By-Law shall be deemed to affect any rights
(i) of shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation's
proxy
statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders
of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified
circumstances.
2.10 Inspectors
of Elections; Opening and Closing the Polls. The Board of
Directors by resolution shall appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector
or
inspectors may include individuals who serve the corporation in other
capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or
representatives, to act at the meetings of shareholders and make a written
report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate
inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector
or alternate has been appointed to act or is able to act at a meeting of
shareholders, the Chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors
to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her
duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of
inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her
ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by
law.
The
Chairman of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the date and
time
of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the
shareholders will vote at a meeting.
2.11 Action
by Shareholders Without a Meeting. Any action required or
permitted by the provisions of the Business Corporation Act to be taken at
a
shareholders' meeting may be taken without a meeting, if one or more written
consents are signed by all the shareholders before or after such action,
describing the action taken, are delivered to the corporation for inclusion
in
the minutes or filing with the corporate records. If the Business
Corporation Act requires that notice of proposed action be given to nonvoting
shareholders and the action is to be taken by unanimous consent of the voting
shareholders, the corporation must give its nonvoting shareholders written
notice of the proposed action at least ten days before the action is
taken. The notice must contain or be accompanied by the same material
that, under the Business Corporation Act, would have been required to be sent
to
nonvoting shareholders in a notice of a meeting at which the proposed action
would have been submitted to the shareholders for action. Provided
however, no action may be taken in lieu of convening an annual meeting of the
shareholders which is in violation of the policies of the New York Stock
Exchange.
2.12 Record
Date for Action by Written Consent. In order that the corporation
may determine the shareholders entitled to consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which
record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the
record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not
be
more than 10 days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record
date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any shareholder of record
seeking to have the shareholders authorize or take corporate action by written
consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request the Board of
Directors to fix a record date. The Board of Directors shall
promptly, but in all events within 10 days after the date on which such a
request is received, adopt a resolution fixing the record date. If no
record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors within 10 days of the
date
on which such a request is received, the record date for determining
shareholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by
applicable law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent
setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the
registered agent of the corporation at its corporation's principal office shown
in its most recent annual report on file in the office of the Secretary of
State. Delivery made to the corporation's registered office shall be
by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt
requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors
and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, the
record date for determining shareholders entitled to consent to corporate action
in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the date
on
which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior
action.
2.13 Inspectors
of Written Consent. In the event of the delivery, in the manner
provided by Section 2.11, to the corporation of the requisite written consent
or
consents to take corporate action and/or any related revocation or revocations,
the corporation shall engage nationally recognized independent inspectors of
elections for the purpose of promptly performing a ministerial review of the
validity of the consents and revocations. For the purpose of
permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no action by written consent
without a meeting shall be effective until such date as the independent
inspectors certify to the corporation that the consents delivered to the
corporation in accordance with Section 2.11 represent at least the minimum
number of votes that would be necessary to take the corporate
action. Nothing contained in this paragraph shall in any way be
construed to suggest or imply that the Board of Directors or any shareholder
shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any consent or revocation
thereof, whether before or after such certification by the independent
inspectors, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the
commencement, prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto,
and
the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).
2.14 Effectiveness
of Written Consent. Every written consent shall bear the date of
signature of each shareholder who signs the consent and no written consent
shall
be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within
60
days of the date the earlier dated written consent was received in accordance
with Section 2.10, a written consent or consents signed by a sufficient number
of holders to take such action are delivered to the corporation in the manner
prescribed in Section 2.10.
2.15 Conduct
of Meeting. Meetings of the shareholders shall be presided over
by one of the following officers in the order of seniority and if present and
acting - the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, the Vice-Chairman
of
the board, if any, the President, a Vice-President, if any, or, if none of
the
foregoing is in office and present and acting, by a chairman to be chosen by
the
shareholders. The Secretary of the corporation, or in his absence, an
Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of every meeting, but, if neither
the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present, the chairman of the meeting
shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.
3.
Board of Directors
3.1 General
Powers. All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the
authority of, and the business and affairs of the corporation managed under
the
direction of, a Board of Directors.
3.2 Number
Term of Office and Qualifications. A director need not be a
shareholder, a citizen of the United States, or a resident of the State of
North
Carolina. The number of directors shall not be less than three nor more than
fifteen. The number of directors may be fixed or changed, from time
to time, within such minimum and maximum, by the shareholders or by the Board
of
Directors. If not so fixed and subject to the provisions of
Subparagraph (5) of Section H of Article II of the Amended and Restated Articles
of Incorporation, the number of directors shall be five. After shares
are issued, only the shareholders may change the range for the size of the
Board
of Directors or change from a variable-range number of directors to a fixed
number of directors or vice versa.
3.3 Election,
Term and Vacancy. Except as provided in this Section
3.3, the directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of shareholders by
a
plurality of the votes cast. If a vacancy occurs on the Board of
Directors, including without limitation, a vacancy resulting from an increase
in
the number of directors or from the failure by the shareholders to elect the
full authorized number of directors, the shareholders or the Board of Directors
may fill the vacancy; or if the directors remaining in office constitute fewer
than a quorum of the Board of Directors, they may fill the vacancy by the
affirmative vote of a majority of all the directors, or by the sole director,
remaining in office. If the vacant office was held by a director
elected by a voting group of shareholders, only the remaining director or
directors elected by that voting group or the holders of shares of that voting
group are entitled to fill the vacancy. Directors shall hold office
until their successors are elected and qualified.
3.4 Removal
of Directors. The shareholders may remove one or more directors
with or without cause pursuant to the provisions of Section 55-8-08 of the
Business Corporation Act.
3.5 Compensation
of Directors. The Board may fix the compensation of directors,
provided, however, that no person who is a full-time employee of the corporation
shall receive any separate compensation for serving as a director of the
corporation, other than reimbursement of their expenses, if any. The
directors who are not officers of the corporation shall be paid their expenses,
if any, and a fixed sum for their attendance at each meeting of the Board of
Directors and each committee meeting. No such payment shall preclude
any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving
compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may
be allowed like compensation for attending committee
meetings.
3.6 Committees. The
Board of Directors may create one or more committees and appoint members of
the
Board of Directors to serve on them. The creation of a committee and
the appointment of members to it must be approved by the greater of (a) a
majority of all the directors in office when the action is taken, or (b) the
number of directors required by the articles of incorporation or these Bylaws
to
take such action under the provisions of Section 55-8-24 of the Business
Corporation Act. The provisions of Sections 55-8-20 through 55-8-24
of the Business Corporation Act, which govern meetings, action without meetings,
notice and waiver of notice, and quorum and voting requirements of the Board
of
Directors, apply to committees and their members as well. To the
extent specified by the Board of Directors, the articles of incorporation,
or
these Bylaws, each committee may exercise the authority of the Board of
Directors under Section 55-8-01 of the Business Corporation Act except such
authority as may not be delegated under the Business Corporation
Act.
3.7 Transactions
With Interested Directors. No transaction between the Corporation
and one or more of its directors, or between the Corporation and any other
corporation, firm, association or other entity in which one or more of its
directors are directors or officers or are financially interested ("Interested
Directors") shall be either void or voidable for this reason alone, provided
that such transaction shall be approved by a majority of the directors other
than the Interested Directors present at the meeting of the Board of Directors
or of the committee authorizing or confirming such transaction or otherwise
complies with the provisions of the Business Corporation Act with respect to
transactions with interested directors.
4.
Meetings of Directors
4.1 Regular
Meetings. Meetings shall be held at such time as the Board shall
fix, except that the first meeting of a newly elected Board shall be held as
soon after its election as the directors may conveniently assemble.
4.2 Special
Meetings. No call shall be required for regular meetings for
which the time and place have been fixed. Special meetings may be
called by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, if any, of the
Vice-Chairman of the Board, if any, of the President, or of a majority of the
directors in office.
4.3 Place
of Meetings; Conference Telephone Meetings. The Board of
Directors may hold regular or special meetings in or out of the State of North
Carolina as such place shall be fixed by the Board. Members of the
Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting
of
the Board of Directors or such committee by use of any means of communication
by
which all persons participating may simultaneously hear each other, and such
participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such
meeting.
4.4 Notice
of Meetings and Waiver of Notice. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors
may be held without notice of the date, time, place, or purpose of the
meeting. Written, or oral, notice of the time and place shall be
given for special meetings in sufficient time for the convenient assembly of
the
directors thereat. The notice of any meeting need not describe the
purpose of the meeting. A director may waive any notice required by
the Business Corporation Act, the articles of incorporation, or by these Bylaws
before or after the date and time stated in the notice. A director's
attendance at or participation in a meeting waives any required notice to the
director of the meeting unless the director at the beginning of the meeting,
or
promptly upon his arrival, objects to holding the meeting or transacting
business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action
taken at the meeting. Except as hereinbefore provided, a waiver shall
be in writing, signed by the director entitled to the notice, and
filed with the minutes or corporate records.
4.5 Quorum
and Manner of Acting. A quorum of the Board of Directors consists
of a majority of the number of directors prescribed in or fixed in accordance
with these Bylaws. If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the
affirmative vote of a majority of directors present is the act of the Board
of
Directors. The Board of Directors may permit any or all directors to
participate in a regular or special meeting by, or conduct the meeting through
use of, any means of communication by which all directors participating may
simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. A director
participating in a meeting by this means is deemed to be present in person
at
the meeting.
Meetings
of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the following directors
in
the order of seniority and if present and acting - the Chairman of the Board,
if
any, the Vice-Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, or any other
director chosen by the Board.
4.6 Action
of Directors Without a Meeting. Action required or permitted by
the Business Corporation Act to be taken at a Board of Directors' meeting may
be
taken without a meeting if the action is taken by all members of the
Board. The action must be evidenced by one or more written consents,
signed by each director before or after such action, describing the action
taken, and included in the minutes or filed with the corporate
records. Action taken under this paragraph is effective when the last
director signs the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective
date.
5.
Officers
5.1 Number
of Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a
President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and such Vice-Presidents, Assistant
Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other officers as may be appointed by
or
under the authority of the Board of Directors. Any two or more
offices may be held by the same person, but no officer may act in more than
one
capacity where action of two or more officers is required.
5.2 Election,
Term of Office and Qualifications. The officers of the
Corporation shall be appointed by the Board of Directors or by a duly appointed
officer authorized by the Board of directors to appoint one or more officers
or
assistant officers. Each officer shall hold office until his death,
resignation, retirement, removal, disqualification, or his successor shall
have
been appointed.
5.3 Compensation. The
compensation of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by or under
the
authority of the board of Directors, and no officer shall serve the Corporation
in any other capacity and receive compensation therefor unless such additional
compensation shall be duly authorized. The appointment of an officer
does not itself create contract rights.
5.4 Removal. Any
officer may be removed by the board at any time with or without cause; but
such
removal shall not itself affect the officer's contract rights, if any, with
the
Corporation.
5.5 Resignation. Any
officer may resign at any time by communicating his resignation to the
corporation, orally or in writing. A resignation is effective when
communicated unless it specifies in writing a later effective date. If a
resignation is made effective at a later date that is accepted by the
corporation, the Board of Directors may fill the pending vacancy before the
effective date if the Board provides that the successor does not take office
until the effective date. An officer's resignation does not affect
the corporation's contract rights, if any, with the
officer.
5.6 Bonds. The
Board of Directors may by resolution require any officer, agent or employee
of
the corporation to give bond to the Corporation, with sufficient sureties,
conditioned on the faithful performance of the duties of such person's
respective office or position, and to comply with such other conditions as
may
from time to time be required by the Board of Directors.
5.7 Vacancies. A
vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, or
disqualification, or any other cause, shall be filled for the unexpired portion
of the term in the manner prescribed by these By-Laws for regular appointments
or elections to such offices
5.8 Chairman
of the Board; President. The Chairman of the Board shall be the
Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and, subject to the control of the
Board of Directors, shall in general supervise and control all of the business
and affairs of the Corporation. The Chairman of the Board,
when present, shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the
Board
of Directors.
The
President shall be the Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation and, subject
to the control of the Board of Directors, shall be responsible for the conduct
of the business and affairs of the Corporation. In general, the
President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and
such
other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to
time.
The
Chief
Executive Officer, or the President shall sign, with the Secretary, an Assistant
Secretary, or any other proper officer of the Corporation thereunto authorized
by the Board of Directors, certificates for shares of the
Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer or the President shall sign
any deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments which the Board
of
Directors has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing
and
execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or
by
these bylaws to some other or additional officer or agent of the Corporation,
or
shall be required by law to be otherwise signed or executed.
5.9 Vice
President. In the absence of the President or in the event of his
death, inability or refusal to act, the Executive Vice-President, unless
otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, shall perform the duties of
the
President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to
all
the restrictions upon the President. The Executive Vice-President may
sign, with the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, certificates for shares
of
the Corporation; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may
be
prescribed by the President or Board of Directors.
5.10 Secretary. The
Secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of the meetings of shareholders, of the
Board of Directors, and of all committees in one or more books provided for
that
purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the
provisions of these bylaws or as required by law; (c) maintain and authenticate
the records of the Corporation and be custodian of the seal of the Corporation
and see that the seal of the Corporation is affixed to all documents the
execution of which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal is duly
authorized; (d) sign with the President, or the Executive Vice-President,
certificates for shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall have
been authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors; (e) maintain and have
general charge of the share transfer books of the Corporation; (f) prepare
or
cause to be prepared shareholder lists prior to each meeting of shareholders
as
required by law; (g) attest the signature or certify the incumbency or signature
of any officer of the Corporation; and (h) in general perform all duties
incident to the office of secretary and such other duties as from time to time
may be prescribed by the President or by the Board of Directors.
5.11 Assistant
Secretaries. In the absence of the Secretary or in the event of
the Secretary's death, inability or refusal to act, the Assistant Secretaries
in
the order of their length of service as Assistant Secretary, unless otherwise
determined by the Board of Directors, shall perform the duties of the Secretary,
and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the
restrictions upon the Secretary. They shall perform such other duties
as may be prescribed by the Secretary, by the President, or by the Board of
Directors. Any Assistant Secretary may sign, with the President or a
Vice-President, certificates for shares of the Corporation.
5.12 Treasurer. The
Treasurer shall: (a) have charge and custody of and be responsible for all
funds
and securities of the Corporation; receive and give receipts for moneys due
and
payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever, and deposit all such
moneys in the name of the Corporation in such depositories as shall be selected
by or under the authority of the Board of Directors; (b) maintain appropriate
accounting records as required by law; (c) prepare, or cause to be prepared,
annual financial statements of the Corporation that include a balance sheet
as
of the end of the fiscal year and an income and cash flow statement for that
year, which statements, or a written notice of their availability, shall be
mailed to each shareholder within 120 days after the end of such fiscal year;
and (d) in general perform all of the duties incident to the office of treasurer
and such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the President
or
by the Board of Directors.
5.13 Assistant
Treasurers. In the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of
the Treasurer's death, inability or refusal to act, the Assistant Treasurers
in
the order of their length of service as such, unless otherwise determined by
the
Board of Directors, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so
acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions
upon
the Treasurer. They shall perform such other duties as may be
prescribed by the Treasurer, by the President or by the Board of
Directors.
6.
Contracts, Loans, Checks and Deposits.
6.1 Contracts. The
Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents to
enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument on behalf
of
the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific
instances.
6.2 Loans. No
loans shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation and no evidence of
indebtedness shall be issued in its name, unless as authorized by the Board
of
Directors. Such authority may be general or confined to specific
instances.
6.3 Checks
and Drafts. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of
money, issued in the name of the Corporation, shall be signed by such officer
or
officers, agent or agents of the Corporation and in such manner as shall from
time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.
6.4 Deposits. All
funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time
to
time to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be selected
by
or under the authority of the Board of Directors.
6.5 Exercise
of Ownership Rights. Any share or other ownership interest in any
other corporation, partnership or other entity which may from time to time
be
held by the Corporation may be represented and voted at any meeting of
shareholders, partners or members of such other corporation, partnership or
other entity by any officer duly authorized to so act on behalf of the
Corporation by the Board of Directors or if no officer is so authorized, by
either the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Executive Vice
President or by any proxy appointed in writing by the Chief Executive Officer,
the President or the Executive Vice President.
Either
of
the Chief Executive Officer or the President is expressly authorized to act
on
behalf of the Corporation in carrying out and performing the duties and
responsibilities of the Corporation as the general partner of Tanger Properties
Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership") and, acting for the
Corporation as general partner, either the Chief Executive Officer or the
President shall have general charge of the business, affairs and property of
the
Operating Partnership and control over its agents and employees in accordance
with the Operating Partnership Agreement.
7.
Certificates for Shares and Their Transfer
7.1 Certificate
for Shares. The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of
some or all of the shares of the Corporation’s classes or series without issuing
certificates to represents such shares. If shares are represented by
certificates, the certificates shall be in such form as required by law and
as
determined by the board of directors. Certificates shall be signed,
either manually or in facsimile, by the President or a Vice President and by
the
Secretary or Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant
Treasurer. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively
numbered or otherwise identified and entered into the stock transfer books
of
the corporation. When shares are represented by certificates, the
corporation shall issue and deliver to each shareholder to whom such shares
have
been issued or transferred certificates representing the shares owned by that
shareholder. When shares are not represented by certificates then,
within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares, the
corporation shall send the shareholder to whom such shares have been issued
or
transferred, a written statement of the information required by law to be on
certificates.
7.2 Fractional
Shares or Scrip. The corporation may issue fractions of a share
or pay in money the value of fractions of a share; arrange for disposition
of
fractional shares by the shareholders; and issue scrip in registered or bearer
form entitling the holder to receive a full share upon surrendering enough
scrip
to equal a full share. Each certificate representing scrip must be
conspicuously labeled "scrip" and must contain the information required by
subsection (b) of Section 55-6-25 of the Business Corporation
Act. The holder of a fractional share is entitled to exercise the
rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote, to receive dividends,
and
to participate in the assets of the corporation upon liquidation. The
holder of scrip is not entitled to any of these rights unless the scrip provides
for them. The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of scrip
subject to any condition considered desirable, including (a) that the scrip
will
become void if not exchanged for full shares before a specified date; and (b)
that the shares for which the scrip is exchangeable may be sold and the proceeds
paid to the script holders.
7.3 Transfers
of Shares. Upon compliance with any provisions restricting the
transferability of shares that may be set forth in the articles of
incorporation, these Bylaws, or any written agreement in respect thereof,
transfers of shares of the corporation shall be made only on the books of the
corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto
authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary
of
the corporation, or with a transfer agent or a registrar and on surrender of
the
certificate or certificates, if any, for such shares properly endorsed and
the
payment of all taxes thereon, if any. Except as may be otherwise provided by
law, the articles of incorporation or these Bylaws, the person in whose name
shares stand on the books of the corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof
for all purposes as regards the corporation; provided that whenever any transfer
of shares shall be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, such fact,
if known to the Secretary of the corporation, shall be so expressed in the
entry
of transfer.
7.4 Record
Date for Shareholders. In order to determine the shareholders who
are entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting, to demand a special meeting,
to vote, or to take any other action, the Board of Directors of the corporation
may fix a date as the record date for any such determination of shareholders,
such date in any case to be not more than seventy days before the meeting or
action requiring such determination of shareholders. A determination
of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a shareholders' meeting
is
effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors
fixes
a new record date, which it must do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more
than one hundred twenty days after the date fixed for the original
meeting.
8.
Indemnification.
8.1 General
Indemnification of Officers and Directors. The corporation shall
to the fullest extent permitted by the provisions of the North Carolina Business
Corporation Act, as the same may be amended and supplemented, indemnify officers
and directors whom it shall have power to indemnify under said provisions from
and against any and all of the fees, expenses, charges, liabilities or
obligations referred to in or covered by said provisions, and the
indemnification provided for herein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other
rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under the Articles of
Incorporation, any other Bylaw, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors,
or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in
another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person
who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of
the
heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
8.2 Specific
Indemnified. Without in any way limiting the indemnification
provided in Section 8.1 hereof, the corporation shall indemnify and hold
harmless each of the following described persons, including the estate or
personal representative of such person, against any and all the liabilities
and
expenses described below:
(1) Any
person who serves or has served as a director or officer shall be
indemnified against (i) any liability for or obligation to pay expenses,
including attorneys' fees, as and when incurred by such person, in connection
with any proceeding arising out of his status as a director or officer or any
activities of such person in his capacity as a director or officer and (ii)
any
liability for or obligation to pay any judgment, settlement, penalty or fine
(including an excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan)
in
any such proceeding; and
(2) Any
person who serves or has served as a director or officer and who, at the request
of the corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner,
trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise or as a trustee or administrator under an employee
benefit plan shall be indemnified against (i) any liability for or obligation
to
pay expenses, including attorneys' fees, incurred by such person in connection
with any proceeding arising out of his status as a director or officer of the
corporation and\or as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent
of such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
and\or as a trustee or administrator under an employee benefit plan or any
activities of such person in any of such capacities and (ii) any liability
for
or obligation to pay any judgment, settlement, penalty or fine (including an
excise tax assessed with respect to an employee benefit plan) in any such
proceeding.
Provided
however, such indemnification will not extend to any liability or expense such
person may incur on account of his activities which, at the time taken, were
known or believed by him to be clearly in conflict with the best interests
of
the corporation.
The
term
"proceeding" as used herein includes any threatened, pending or completed civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding (and any
appeal therein), whether formal or informal and whether or not brought by or
on
behalf of the corporation.
8.3 Board
Assistance. The Board of Directors shall take all such action as
may be necessary and appropriate to authorize the corporation to pay, and to
have the corporation pay, the indemnification required by this Section
8. To the extent required by law, the Board shall give notice to, and
obtain approval by, the shareholders of the corporation for any decision to
indemnify.
8.4 Contract
Right; Reliance Upon Corporation's Indemnification. Any person
who at any time after the effective date of this by-law serves or has served
in
a capacity that would entitle him to be indemnified under the foregoing
provisions of this Section 8 shall be deemed to be serving and acting, or to
have served and acted, in such capacity in reliance upon, and as consideration
for, the corporation's agreement to provide the indemnification described in
this Section 8. Any such person, or his legal representative, shall
have a right to require the corporation to provide the indemnification described
herein. The rights provided in this Section 8 shall be contract
rights fully enforceable by each beneficiary thereof, and shall be in addition
to, and not exclusive of, any other right to indemnification provided by
contract or under applicable law.
8.5 Expenses
of Enforcing Indemnification. The corporation agrees to and shall
reimburse any person for whom indemnification is provided pursuant to this
Section for all reasonable costs, expenses and attorneys' fees (including the
costs of investigation and preparation) as and when incurred by such person
in
connection with the enforcement of such person's right to the indemnification
granted by this Section and shall advance such amounts to such person upon
demand therefor. Such reimbursable amounts shall be recoverable in
any action brought to enforce the right to the indemnification granted by this
Section.
9.
General Provisions
9.1 Corporate
Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be
required by law and as shall be approved from time to time by the Board of
Directors.
9.2 Fiscal
Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed, and
shall be subject to change, by the Board of Directors.
9.3 Statutory
Notices to Shareholders. The Board of Directors may appoint the
Treasurer or other fiscal officer and/or the Secretary or any other officer
to
cause to be prepared and furnished to shareholders entitled thereto any special
financial notice and/or any financial statement, which may be required by any
provision of law, and which, more specifically, may be required by Sections
55-16-20 and 55-16-21 of the Business Corporation Act.
9.4 Waiver
of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given to any
shareholder or director under the provisions of the North Carolina Business
Corporation Act or under the provisions of the Charter or By-Laws of this
Corporation, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons
entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall
be equivalent to the giving of such notice.
9.5 Meaning
of Certain Terms. As used herein in respect of the right to
notice of a meeting of shareholders or a waiver thereof or to participate or
vote thereat or to consent or dissent in writing in lieu of a meeting, as the
case may be, the term "share" or "shares" or "shareholder" or "shareholders"
refers to an outstanding share or shares and to a holder or holders of record
of
outstanding shares when the corporation is authorized to issue only one class
of
shares, and said reference is also intended to include any outstanding share
or
shares and any holder or holders of record of outstanding shares of any class
upon which or upon whom the articles of incorporation confer such rights where
there are two or more classes or series of shares or upon which or upon whom
the
Business Corporation Act confers such rights notwithstanding that the articles
of incorporation might provide for more than one class or series of shares,
one
or more of which are limited or denied such rights
thereunder.
9.6 Amendments. The
Board of Directors may amend or repeal these Bylaws unless the articles of
incorporation or the Business Corporation Act reserves this power exclusively
to
the shareholders in whole or in part, or the shareholders in amending or
repealing a particular Bylaw provide expressly that the Board of Directors
may
not amend or repeal that Bylaw. The shareholders may amend or repeal
these Bylaws even though the Bylaws may also be amended or repealed by the
Board
of Directors. A Bylaw that fixes a greater quorum or voting
requirement for the Board of Directors may be amended or repealed only in
accordance with the provisions of Section.3.310-22 of the Business Corporation
Act.
9.7 Electronic
Transactions. The Corporation may conduct any transaction or
transactions by electronic means, and this provision shall constitute the
agreement of the Corporation, its shareholders and directors to the conduct
of
transactions by electronic means.